Track: Data Analytics and Big Data

Abstract

Cow bone has been regarded as bio-waste and environmental pollutant, nevertheless, many researchers have developed ways to utilise this biomaterial and make it environmental friendly especially in the areas of reinforcement, activated carbon, filler, additive as well as water purification. It has also been established in the recent time that performance, efficiency and effective utilisation of CBP depend solely on whether is in the form of nano-, micro-, and macro- particles. The bone of the cow head (Skull) was collected from the abattoir, washed, sun-dried for 6 weeks, crushed and pulverised. The pulverised powder then dried in an electric oven set at 50° C for a week to ensure total dryness and sieved according to ASTM standard using 150 µm size.  In this study, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) have been employed to characterise the powder at different milling time varying from 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Mins. Digital Vibratory Disc Milling Machine (VDMM) rated 380V/50Hz at 940 rpm was used for the milling. The SEM magnification was set to 1.00kx at 50 µm, 2.00x at 20 µm and 5.00kx at 10 µm. The particles size got reduced from 150 µm to average diameter of 300 nm. It was established in the study that the duration of the milling affects volume, surface area, particle size, pore size distributions, microstructure and some other mechanical properties as well as the morphology of the powder