The use of solar energy as a renewable energy source is becoming increasingly popular globally as a way to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and minimize negative environmental impacts. However, in emerging economies, the implementation of solar energy is often hindered by several barriers. These barriers present significant challenges for policymakers in achieving comprehensive energy sustainability. This study aims to identify and analyze the most significant barriers to implementing solar energy in emerging economies, as well as the relationships between these barriers. Thirteen barriers were identified through a review of literature and input from experts and were analyzed using the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method. The results revealed that 'High upfront costs', and 'Limited access to land and resources for large-scale projects' are the two most prominent barriers to implementing solar energy in emerging economies. Analysis of the cause-and-effect relationships between these barriers identified 'Limited access to land and resources for large-scale projects' as the most significant cause and 'Limited access to financing' as the least significant cause. The findings of this study are expected to assist policymakers in emerging economies in addressing these barriers and successfully implementing solar energy to achieve long-term energy sustainability and support sustainable development goals (SDGs).