An Integrated Multi-Echelon Stochastic Supply Chain Production-Distribution Model With Carbon Emissions

The main purpose of this paper is to model production, distribution and inventory control

decisions simultaneously with carbon emissions consideration while considering the challenging

context of a multi- echelon supply chain with lead time constraints. In the first level ,location of

the production sites and relationship among the opened sites are defined. Then, production

planning is considered at each established sites to customer/warehouse demand satisfaction

.Since the non-linear mixed –integer aggregate model results in large -scale problems cannot be

solved in reasonable times, thus a Immunity based Artificial immune based Non-dominated

Sorting Genetic Algorithm is designed to solve the considered problems. In order to verify the

performance of the proposed AI-NSGA-II, the results of solving the small-size problems are

compared with the results obtained the from MATHLAB optimization application. In the related

literature a lack of studies has been felt in this field; therefore, the article has two important

applied and theoretical contributions.

In addition to rethinking the classical issues on the correlation between production-inventory

decisions and carbon emissions, the proposed model helps to address new research questions that

arise when we consider multi-echelon supply chain