This study contributes to the design of a biomass manufacturing network in Central Thailand, focusing on establishing an efficient biomass supply chain. The objective is to propose an optimal supply chain framework using Integration Definition for Function Modeling (IDEF0) and the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model. Current challenges include disjointed supply chain activities, high transportation costs, inadequate centralized agricultural residue collection, lower thermal energy yield of biomass compared to fossil fuels, and significant storage space requirements. The proposed model introduces community-based biomass collection centers to minimize transport distances from agricultural sites to production facilities, while ensuring compliance with government regulations. These centers facilitate efficient residue collection and storage, with subsequent processing into biofuel and carbon credits to meet market demands driven by carbon targets and trading opportunities. Additionally, the framework designs five core activities—planning, sourcing, manufacturing, delivery, and returns—critical to biomass factory operations. Solutions include a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) storage system, strategic biomass supply planning, location optimization via mathematical modeling, and biomass densification technologies to reduce transport costs. The torrefaction process is highlighted for efficiency gains, supporting sustainable fuel production through a streamlined, integrated supply chain tailored for Thailand.