Abstract

Several extensions of conventional fuzzy sets have been introduced, including neutrosophic, intuitionistic, and Pythagorean fuzzy sets. These extensions aim to enhance the explicit and informative definition of decision-makers' judgments by incorporating membership functions with three distinct dimensions. A recent addition to the realm of ordinary fuzzy sets is the development of SFSs (Spherical Fuzzy Sets), which are characterized by generalized three-dimensional structures. SFSs represent one of the latest advancements in extensions such as neutrosophic, intuitionistic fuzzy, and Pythagorean fuzzy sets. Given that decision-making is a daily activity, often involving the selection of the best candidate from multiple options, MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making) methods have been designed to address the challenges. This study focuses on utilizing the SF-COPRAS (Spherical Fuzzy Complex Proportional Assessment) MCDM method to evaluate hazardous waste management problems within a GDM (Group Decision Making) framework. The hazardous waste disposal problem is assessed with five alternatives and six criteria to showcase the applicability and validity of the developed SF-COPRAS approach.