Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a 3D printing process that builds parts layer by layer by selectively depositing melted material in a predetermined path.  FDM has gained popularity due to its low cost, ease of use, and wide material availability. However, there are still challenges to overcome, especially when it comes to producing small-scale features with high precision and quality. Small-scale features are essential in many applications such as microfluidics, microelectronics, and biomedical devices. The ability to produce high-quality small-scale features with FDM can significantly expand its potential applications. This paper aims to assess the manufacturability of small holes using 3D printing-FDM Technology. Benchmarking specimens contained holes with varied sizes are designed and fabricated with different parameters (layer height and building direction).

The results of this study provided an insights into the limitations and capabilities of FDM technology for small-scale holes fabrication and help to identify potential areas for improvement.