The initial phase of digestion involves the crucial process of mastication, where teeth play a pivotal role. Beyond their functional significance in breaking down food, teeth are intricately tied to human articulation, speech, and facial aesthetics. Well-maintained teeth contribute to facial symmetry, attractiveness, and self-assurance, impacting an individual's overall well-being. Dental health not only boosts confidence but also stimulates the jawbone during chewing, enhancing bone density and strength. This interconnection between dental health and various aspects of life underscores the fundamental importance of maintaining healthy teeth. Dentistry, as a response to this imperative need, has evolved into specialized branches such as prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, endodontics, periodontics, and orthodontics. Each branch relies on specific materials tailored to its requirements, emphasizing the ongoing development of cutting-edge materials. This comprehensive review delves into the extensive array of materials used across dental specialties, exploring their properties, applications, and the critical considerations of biocompatibility and economic feasibility. The importance of choosing materials that offer long-term value while considering economic implications is highlighted. Biocompatibility assessments ensure materials are compatible with the human body. In summary, this review provides a detailed examination of dental materials, emphasizing their merits and demerits in light of biocompatibility and economic considerations. It serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, practitioners, and patients in selecting materials that ensure the sustainability and accessibility of dentistry for all. The exploration of these pivotal concepts contributes to shaping the future landscape of dental care.The initial phase of digestion involves the crucial process of mastication, where teeth play a pivotal role. Beyond their functional significance in breaking down food, teeth are intricately tied to human articulation, speech, and facial aesthetics. Well-maintained teeth contribute to facial symmetry, attractiveness, and self-assurance, impacting an individual's overall well-being. Dental health not only boosts confidence but also stimulates the jawbone during chewing, enhancing bone density and strength. This interconnection between dental health and various aspects of life underscores the fundamental importance of maintaining healthy teeth. Dentistry, as a response to this imperative need, has evolved into specialized branches such as prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, endodontics, periodontics, and orthodontics. Each branch relies on specific materials tailored to its requirements, emphasizing the ongoing development of cutting-edge materials. This comprehensive review delves into the extensive array of materials used across dental specialties, exploring their properties, applications, and the critical considerations of biocompatibility and economic feasibility. The importance of choosing materials that offer long-term value while considering economic implications is highlighted. Biocompatibility assessments ensure materials are compatible with the human body. In summary, this review provides a detailed examination of dental materials, emphasizing their merits and demerits in light of biocompatibility and economic considerations. It serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, practitioners, and patients in selecting materials that ensure the sustainability and accessibility of dentistry for all. The exploration of these pivotal concepts contributes to shaping the future landscape of dental care.The initial phase of digestion involves the crucial process of mastication, where teeth play a pivotal role. Beyond their functional significance in breaking down food, teeth are intricately tied to human articulation, speech, and facial aesthetics. Well-maintained teeth contribute to facial symmetry, attractiveness, and self-assurance, impacting an individual's overall well-being. Dental health not only boosts confidence but also stimulates the jawbone during chewing, enhancing bone density and strength. This interconnection between dental health and various aspects of life underscores the fundamental importance of maintaining healthy teeth. Dentistry, as a response to this imperative need, has evolved into specialized branches such as prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, endodontics, periodontics, and orthodontics. Each branch relies on specific materials tailored to its requirements, emphasizing the ongoing development of cutting-edge materials. This comprehensive review delves into the extensive array of materials used across dental specialties, exploring their properties, applications, and the critical considerations of biocompatibility and economic feasibility. The importance of choosing materials that offer long-term value while considering economic implications is highlighted. Biocompatibility assessments ensure materials are compatible with the human body. In summary, this review provides a detailed examination of dental materials, emphasizing their merits and demerits in light of biocompatibility and economic considerations. It serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, practitioners, and patients in selecting materials that ensure the sustainability and accessibility of dentistry for all. The exploration of these pivotal concepts contributes to shaping the future landscape of dental care.