In today’s dynamic business landscape, sustainability has become a defining concern, driven by increasing demands for eco-conscious practices from consumers, regulators, and stakeholders. This has put immense pressure on supply chains to undergo a fundamental transformation. Blockchain technology, renowned for its security and decentralized architecture, emerges as a promising solution to promote sustainability within supply chains by enhancing transparency, traceability, and trust. Blockchain contributes to economic sustainability by mitigating transaction costs and facilitating the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of supply chain operations. Blockchain benefits environmental sustainability by reducing carbon footprints through traceability practices. By fostering fair trade and protecting sensitive data and identities, blockchain can play a pivotal role in ensuring social sustainability. As such, many forward-thinking businesses are drawn to blockchain for sustainable business operations. However, reluctance remains due to uncertainties surrounding the factors influencing blockchain’s implementation. In this paper, we delve into the synergy between blockchain and sustainable supply chain, aiming to provide an overarching insight into the opportunities and obstacles presented by this integration. By shedding light on the transformative potential of blockchain, we hope to inspire a broader adoption and realization of sustainability goals within supply chains.